International Journal on Science and Technology

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The Diverse Roles of Microorganisms in Biomedicine, Industry, and the Environment: A Study of Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses

Author(s) Padala Thirupathi
Country India
Abstract Microorganisms, encompassing algae, bacteria, fungi, and viruses, are no longer viewed merely as agents of disease but as indispensable biological factories driving innovation in the 21st century. This study systematically examines the evolving roles of these microbes across biomedical, industrial, and environmental sectors. In biomedicine, the focus has shifted toward precision medicine, with 2024–2025 research highlighting the success of viral vectors in gene therapy and the resurgence of bacteriophage therapy to combat multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Industrial applications have transitioned toward a "circular bioeconomy", where fungal and bacterial fermentation processes are used to produce biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and high-value enzymes for the food and biofuel sectors. Environmental efforts are now centered on microbial carbon capture and advanced bioremediation of "forever chemicals" (PFAS). This article synthesizes recent data, including the 2024 Global Bio-India findings and 2025 advances in microbial mineral carbonation, to outline a roadmap for future microbial exploration and demonstrates that the integration of algae, bacteria, fungi, and viruses is not merely an academic exercise but a necessity for surviving the ecological and health challenges of the late 2020s. The data from 2024 and 2025 confirm that microbial technology is scaling rapidly, offering a path to a future where medicine is personalized, industry is circular, and the environment is actively restored.
Keywords Microbial Biotechnology, Bioremediation, Gene Therapy, Circular Bioeconomy, Phage Therapy, Carbon Sequestration
Published In Conference / Special Issue (Volume 17 | Issue 1) - One Day National Seminar on “Advances in Life Sciences for Diversity, Applications, and Human Welfare” (ALSDAHW-2025) (March 2026)
Published On 2026-03-16
DOI https://doi.org/10.71097/IJSAT.ALSDAHW-2025.116
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