International Journal on Science and Technology

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Applications of Spectroscopic Techniques in Characterization of Biological Compounds

Author(s) Mr. Ankur Malik
Country India
Abstract Spectroscopic techniques are employed in analytical chemistry, biological analysis, and medicine. As technology has advanced, they have also been incorporated into other methods of analysis and estimation, such as elemental analysis, chromatography, and other identification tools. Microbes like cyanobacteria, the ancient oxygen-evolving photoautotrophs, have the ability to synthesize a wide variety of secondary metabolites and natural chemicals, according to advances in genome sequencing. When a secondary metabolite is produced in significant amounts, traditional structural elucidation and isolation procedures are reliable and effective; nevertheless, innovative methods are required for tiny quantities. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) are the main methods used to investigate microbial and herbal secondary metabolites. Pre-separation of the metabolic components is necessary for MS and can be accomplished using analytical methods like GC or LC. Although specialized methods such arrayed electrochemical detection and FTIR have been employed in a number of situations, they also have distinct drawbacks. These days, metabolite identification from cell extracts or materials is typically done using HPLC and MS. For both pure chemicals and complicated combinations, NMR spectroscopy provides comprehensive information on molecular structure. Spectroscopy can identify these multifunctional molecules by providing additional information from the experimental data obtained for the characterization of secondary metabolites. Several recent developments in the characterization of microbial secondary metabolites using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including UV-VIS spectroscopy, ESI-MS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and NMR, are summarized in this work.
Keywords High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)
Field Biology > Bio + Chemistry
Published In Volume 16, Issue 4, October-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-28
DOI https://doi.org/10.71097/IJSAT.v16.i4.10003
Short DOI https://doi.org/hbhj58
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