Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) for Photodetector Applications: Materials Engineering, Device Architectures, and Emerging Functionalities

Author(s)	Limtu Jugli
Country	India
Abstract	Nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has emerged as a highly versatile material for ultraviolet (UV) and broadband photodetection due to its wide bandgap, chemical stability, low cost, and compatibility with scalable fabrication methods. By engineering TiO₂ at the nanoscale through nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires, nanosheets, mesoporous films, and hierarchical structures researchers have significantly enhanced its light absorption, carrier transport, and surface-driven photoconductive behavior. Recent advances in defect tuning, heterojunction design, plasmonic enhancement, and hybrid integration with 2D materials and perovskites have enabled devices with high responsivity, low dark current, self-powered operation, and neuromorphic functionalities. This review provides a detailed overview of TiO₂ photodetection mechanisms, nanostructuring strategies, device architectures, and state-of-the-art performance benchmarks. Emerging trends including flexible photodetectors, solar-blind detection, plasmon-assisted broadband response, and artificial synaptic photodetectors are critically examined. Remaining challenges and future prospects for high-speed, CMOS-compatible, multifunctional TiO₂ optoelectronic systems are highlighted
Field	Physics
Published In	Volume 17, Issue 1, January-March 2026
Published On	2026-02-22

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