International Journal on Science and Technology

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Information Seeking Behaviour Models in the 21st Century: A Critical Review of Theoretical and Empirical Developments

Author(s) Nagendra Singh Yadav, Dr. Dharamveer Singh
Country India
Abstract The accelerated development of technology, the emergence of digital environments, and the emergence of information systems spurred by artificial intelligence have all led to a radical change in the information seeking behavior (ISB) of the 21 st century. The current paper critically examines the recent developments of ISB models, which have changed in terms of theory and empirical aspects. It explores how theories published by scholars such as David Ellis, Thomas D. Wilson and Carol C. Kuhlthau have been altered or reconsidered with respect to user-centric, digitized and networked environments. In this study, the author considers notable 21 st century models that consider the technical, social, emotive and cognitions; and it demonstrates how the models can be applied as a professional, academic and everyday information environment. It also encapsulates recent trends in empirical research, and in this regard, the author notes that researchers are becoming more inclined to using mixed-method methods, data analytics, and user-experience research in their work. New concerns which have changed the information seeking behavior, including digital inequality, algorithmic mediation, information overload and disinformation require particular focus. Additional integrative, contextual, and tech-conscious frameworks are required since this review examines the shortcomings and strengths of the current theoretical perspectives. By critically synthesizing theoretically developed and empirically validated models of ISB, the paper illuminates a current transformation of ISB models in response to the complex digital ecosystems and guides the direction of further research in the field of education, library and information science, and other interdisciplinary areas.
Keywords Information Seeking Behaviour, ISB Models, Digital Information Environment, User Behaviour, Empirical Studies, Artificial Intelligence, Information Overload, Digital Divide
Published In Volume 17, Issue 1, January-March 2026
Published On 2026-02-28
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