International Journal on Science and Technology

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Magur Fish (Clarias Batrachus) Seasonal Breeding in Koshi River: Environmental Factors, Reproductive Physiology, and Breeding Protocols

Author(s) Dr. Ankit Kumar, Dr. Nupur Lal
Country India
Abstract Magur fish (Clarias batrachus), an air-breathing catfish of significant economic importance in the Indian subcontinent, exhibits pronounced seasonal breeding patterns closely synchronized with monsoon-driven environmental changes in the Koshi River basin. This comprehensive research examines the seasonal breeding dynamics of Clarias batrachus in the Koshi River ecosystem, integrating physiological, endocrinological, and environmental perspectives. Through systematic analysis of water quality parameters, gonadosomatic index (GSI) dynamics, hormonal regulation, and field observations, this study demonstrates that reproductive success in magur is governed by the coordinated interplay of temperature, water flow, photoperiod, and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Male catfish exhibited GSI peak of 200 mg/100g body weight in July, while females reached maximum GSI of 278 mg/100g body weight during the spawning phase (July-August). Temperature remained the most critical environmental trigger, with optimal breeding occurring between 26-30°C. The monsoon flood pulse in the Koshi River creates ideal conditions for mass spawning migrations into newly inundated agricultural lands and floodplain habitats. Induced breeding protocols employing Ovaprim (0.6 ml/kg females, 0.1-0.2 ml/kg males) demonstrated fertilization rates of 89-96% and hatching rates of 72-78%, providing reliable seed production for aquaculture development. This research establishes quantitative baseline data on breeding seasonality applicable to both wild population management and hatchery operations in the Koshi River basin. The findings contribute to sustainable aquaculture development, livelihood security, and conservation of wild populations in Bihar's critically important inland fishery systems.
Keywords Clarias batrachus, seasonal breeding, Koshi River, gonadosomatic index, reproductive seasonality, induced breeding, monsoon, environmental cues, water quality, hatchery protocols
Field Biology > Zoology
Published In Volume 17, Issue 1, January-March 2026
Published On 2026-03-10
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