An IoT-Enabled Radius-Based Traffic Signal Preemption Framework for Ambulance Priority in Smart Cities

Vivek R Venkatesh; Ranjana K K; Sridevi G

An IoT-Enabled Radius-Based Traffic Signal Preemption Framework for Ambulance Priority in Smart Cities

Author(s)	Mr. Vivek R Venkatesh, Ms. Ranjana K K, Ms. Sridevi G
Country	India
Abstract	Emergency Medical Services (EMS) response times are influenced by urban traffic congestion and specifically at signalized intersections in densely populated cities. EMS delays caused by fixed time traffic signals, may have a negative effect on the quality of care provided and ultimately patient sur- vival rates. In this paper, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based radius-based traffic signal preemption framework is proposed to support priority traffic signal control for ambulances operating in urban traf- fic environments. The proposed system utilizes GPS enabled ambulance units, Roadside Units (RSUs), Edge Traffic Controllers (ETCs) and a Cloud-Based Monitoring Platform (CBMP) to provide real-time identification and communication of emergency vehicles to traffic infrastructure. The radius-based de- tection algorithm is used to detect the presence of an ambulance within a predefined 100 meter radius of an intersection to allow the ETC to dynamically override the current traffic signal phase and display a green light for the ambulance’s desired route. The performance of the proposed system was tested using SUMO simulation software to simulate a network of multiple signalized intersections under moderate traffic conditions. Metrics such as ambulance travel time, intersection delay, and total response time were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system relative to traditional traffic signal sys- tems. Results from experimental testing demonstrated the proposed system resulted in approximately a 42 percent reduction in ambulance delay and improved travel efficiency for emergency vehicles relative to traditional traffic signal systems. The proposed system is a low-cost, scalable solution to integrate priority traffic control for emergency vehicles into Smart City Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Internet of Things, Emergency Vehicle Priority, Traffic Signal Preemption, Smart Cities, Intelligent Transportation Systems
Keywords	Internet of Things, Emergency Vehicle Priority, Traffic Signal Preemption, Smart Cities, Intelligent Transportation Systems
Field	Computer Applications
Published In	Volume 17, Issue 1, January-March 2026
Published On	2026-03-14

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An IoT-Enabled Radius-Based Traffic Signal Preemption Framework for Ambulance Priority in Smart Cities

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