International Journal on Science and Technology

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Automatic Power Supply Control from Multiple Sources Using Microcontroller

Author(s) Dr. Namburi Nireekshana, Ms. Pingili Sowjanya, Mr. Bukhya Sathish, Mr. Mohammad Farhan
Country India
Abstract Objective: The primary aim of this project is to develop an Automated power supply control system that ensures uninterrupted electricity delivery to critical loads, such as those in hospitals, data centers, and industrial facilities, by intelligently selecting and switching among four distinct power sources: mains AC supply, inverter/battery, generator, and solar panel. This addresses the challenge of frequent power outages in regions with unreliable grid infrastructure, minimizing downtime and operational disruptions. Novelty: Unlike conventional Automatic Transfer Switches (ATS) that rely on bulky magnetic contactors or mechanical timers, which are prone to wear, high failure rates, and elevated costs, this system employs a PIC microcontroller for precise digital logic control. It introduces programmable priority sequencing, real-time status monitoring via an LCD display, and relay-based switching that reduces power losses and enhances reliability, making it a compact, affordable alternative suitable for both residential and commercial applications. Methodology: The system architecture centers on a PIC microcontroller interfaced with four input sensing switches (one per source) to detect voltage presence or failures. Upon mains failure, the PIC scans subsequent priorities sequentially: it activates Transistor-driven relays to connect the next available source to the load. An LCD module displays the active source and system status. Hardware testing involved simulating outages with toggle switches and verifying seamless transfer using a lamp as the dummy load. Findings: Achieves seamless failover, ensuring no power interruption; demonstrated with a lamp load.
Keywords PIC microcontroller, No Power Interruption, Automated power supply, Relays, LCD display.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 17, Issue 1, January-March 2026
Published On 2026-03-31
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