Influence of Menstruation on Cardiovascular Performance and Oxygen Uptake (VO₂ Max)

Author(s)	Dr. Samiksha Nayak, Prof. Dr. Manisha Pandey
Country	India
Abstract	Abstract This study explores how menstrual cycle phases influence cardiovascular performance and VO₂ max in women. Hormonal changes, particularly fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone, impact oxygen transport, cardiac output, and exercise tolerance. While some studies suggest reduced VO₂ max during the luteal phase, others report negligible differences, indicating a research gap in standardized assessment. This study investigates the influence of menstrual cycle phases on cardiovascular performance and maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) in women. Hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen and progesterone, are hypothesized to affect oxygen transport, cardiac output, and endurance capacity. While some studies suggest reduced VO₂ max during the luteal phase, others report negligible differences, highlighting methodological inconsistencies. This paper aims to synthesize existing literature, identify research gaps, and propose a structured methodology to clarify the relationship between menstruation and aerobic performance.
Keywords	Key Words: Menstrual Cycle, Cardiovascular Performance, VO₂ Max, Cardiac Output
Field	Physical Science
Published In	Volume 17, Issue 2, April-June 2026
Published On	2026-04-08

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