International Journal on Science and Technology

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Assessment of Gross Alpha–Beta Radioactivity and Its Correlation with Uranium Concentration in River Water: A Study of Ganga Basin Hotspots

Author(s) Arzoo Pahwa, Dr. Ramesh Kumar
Country India
Abstract Water pollution caused by radiological and chemical contaminants has become an important environmental concern due to its potential impact on ecosystems and public health. The present study evaluates the radiological characteristics of river water using laboratory analytical data obtained from five certified water testing reports. The primary objectives of the study were to quantify gross alpha and gross beta activity in river water samples, assess the spatial variation of radioactivity across different sampling locations, and examine the relationship between radioactivity and Uranium concentrations. The study relies on secondary laboratory data that include radiological parameters, and trace element measurements obtained through standardized analytical procedures. The results indicate that gross alpha activity in most of the analyzed samples remained below the detectable limits of the analytical instruments, suggesting the absence or extremely low concentration of alpha-emitting radionuclides in the river water samples. Gross beta activity was detected in several samples and ranged approximately between 0.12 Bq/L and 0.21 Bq/L, indicating minor variations in radiological characteristics across the analyzed locations. In addition to radiological parameters, trace concentrations of uranium were detected in the river water samples, with values ranging approximately from 1.01 to 3.06 ppb. The presence of uranium suggests the influence of naturally occurring radionuclides in the river system, most likely derived from geological processes such as rock weathering and groundwater interaction. A correlation analysis is conducted between radiological parameters and Uranium concentration, particularly between gross beta activity and uranium concentration. This observation suggests that naturally occurring radionuclides may contribute to the observed radiological activity in the water samples.
Keywords water pollution, gross alpha activity, gross beta activity, uranium concentration, river water quality, environmental monitoring.
Field Physics
Published In Volume 17, Issue 1, January-March 2026
Published On 2026-01-06
DOI https://doi.org/10.71097/IJSAT.v17.i1.10893
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