International Journal on Science and Technology

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Botanical Knowledge in Ancient Indian Texts: Applications in Modern Pharmacology

Author(s) Dr. Rajesh Kumar Patel
Country India
Abstract Among the ancient Indian texts are a rich body of botanical knowledge that has remained of interest in the contexts of ethnopharmacology, pharmacognosy and drug discovery. Medical texts like the Atharvaveda, the Charaka Samhita, and the Sushruta Samhita are records of medicinal plants not only as ritual or household medicine, but as medicinal agents defined by property, mode of preparation, and clinical utilization. Over the last decades, the modern pharmacology is returning to the traditional medical knowledge as one of the sources of the hypothesis to discover bioactive compounds, multi-target therapies, and plant-based formulations. In this paper, the botanical knowledge that featured in ancient Indian works will be discussed and analyzed regarding the applicability with respect to contemporary pharmacology. It claims that these writings are not important because they specifically and personally testify to the efficacy of modern medicine, but because they are valuable historical artifacts and systematically organized reservoirs of medicinal vegetable knowledge that can guide modern pharmacological studies. The paper initially discusses the historical and theoretical background of botanical medicine in ancient India, followed by the discussion of key textual sources and some examples, including Rauwolfia serpentina, Curcuma longa, and Withania somnifera. It also argues about the methodological, taxonomic and regulatory issues associated with the translation of the ancient textual knowledge into scientifically validated pharmacological implementations. The conclusion of the paper is that the ancient Indian botanical knowledge can play an important role in the modern pharmacology, but only when approached critically, interdisciplinarily, and with rigorous standards of safety, standardization, and evidence generation (Boddupalli, 2024; National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health [NCCIH], 2025).
Keywords ancient Indian literature, natural medicine, ethnopharmacology, Ayurveda, modern pharmacology.
Published In Volume 17, Issue 2, April-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-19
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