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Decoding Sangu Parpam: A Bio-Analytical Investigation into the Synthesis, Quality Benchmarks, Phytochemical Profiling, and Therapeutic Synergy of Adjuvants in Calcined Turbinella pyrum

Author(s) Dr. Vishnupriya S, Dr. Sudharsanan R S, Dr. Prabakaran R, Dr. Anitha Kalaivani M
Country India
Abstract Abstract:
Background
Sangu Parpam (Conch Shell Calx) is a traditional Siddha herbo-marine formulation utilized for centuries to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and gynecological disorders. While its clinical efficacy is well-documented in classical texts like Pathartha Guna Chinthamani, there is a need for a structured academic synthesis of its pharmaceutical preparation and scientific validation.
Objective
The primary objective of this review is to delineate the standardized pharmaceutical transition of raw conch (Turbinella pyrum) into a bio-available calx and to evaluate its phytochemical, geochemical, and toxicological profile based on traditional protocols and modern analytical research.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted focusing on the Euphorbia Sun-Activation purification method (Sutthi) and the subsequent trituration process with specific herbal juices (e.g., Areca palm, Mango root) followed by controlled incineration (Pudam). Modern validation data was synthesized from research utilizing XRD for structural analysis, ICP-OES for elemental fingerprinting, HPTLC for organic marker identification, and OECD 423/407 protocols for safety assessment.
Results
The purification process facilitates a critical polymorphic transition from dense Aragonite to bio-available Calcite. Analytical studies confirm that the final calx is a porous herbo-mineral complex containing essential trace elements (Mg, Na, K) and bioactive ligands. Pharmacological evaluations demonstrate significant antioxidant and anti-ulcer activities, while toxicological data confirms a high safety margin with an LD>50 exceeding 2000 mg/kg.
Conclusion
Sangu Parpam is a scientifically validated, safe, and effective multi-systemic formulation. Its therapeutic success depends heavily on adherence to the traditional 1/4 Avarai seed dosage metric and the selection of appropriate adjuvants for specific clinical indications.
Keywords Sangu Parpam, Siddha Medicine, Turbinella pyrum, Sutthi,Pudam, Pharmacological evaluations, HPTLC, XRD, Gastrointestinal, Respiratory&Gynaecological disorders.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 17, Issue 2, April-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-21
DOI https://doi.org/10.71097/IJSAT.v17.i2.11100
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