International Journal on Science and Technology

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A Systematic Review of Intelligent Energy-Efficient AODV Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Author(s) Ms. Monica Vengatampalli, Prof. Dr. Raghunatha Reddy V
Country India
Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely used in applications such as environmental monitoring, healthcare systems, military surveillance, and Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Due to limited battery power and dynamic network topology, designing energy-efficient routing protocols remains a critical challenge. The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is a widely adopted reactive routing protocol; however, it presents certain challenges related to control overhead, route stability, and efficient energy utilization in dynamic environments. Recent studies (2023–2026) have introduced various enhancements to AODV using fuzzy logic, machine learning, reinforcement learning, and hybrid optimization techniques to improve energy efficiency, routing stability, and Quality of Service (QoS). This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of these approaches, analyzing their working mechanisms, performance improvements, and design considerations. Despite these advancements, several research challenges remain, including the need for more unified multi-metric decision-making frameworks, improved integration of predictive energy modelling, enhanced real-time adaptability, and reduced computational complexity in intelligent routing approaches. Addressing these aspects can contribute to the development of more efficient, lightweight, and adaptive routing strategies for next-generation Wireless Sensor Networks.
Keywords AODV, Wireless Sensor Networks, Energy Efficiency, Routing Protocols, Machine Learning, Fuzzy Logic, Reinforcement Learning, QoS
Field Computer > Network / Security
Published In Volume 17, Issue 2, April-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-24
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