Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Load on Voltage Profile and Active Power Losses in IEEE 33-Bus Radial Distribution System

Author(s)	PRITHVIPAL KUNWAR, Dr. INDRAJEET KUMAR
Country	India
Abstract	The widespread adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) poses significant challenges for existing power distribution networks. This paper presents a comprehensive load flow analysis of the impact of EV charging loads on the voltage profile and active power losses of the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system using the Newton-Raphson method implemented in MATLAB. Three EV penetration scenarios — 10%, 20%, and 30% — are evaluated against a base case. Results demonstrate that uncoordinated EV charging causes progressive voltage degradation, with the minimum bus voltage dropping from 0.9131 p.u. in the base case to 0.8857 p.u. at 30% penetration, violating the permissible 0.95 p.u. limit at Bus 18. Active power losses increase by 35.4% at 30% EV penetration. A shunt capacitor placement strategy (450 kVAR at Bus 18 and 600 kVAR at Bus 33) is proposed and evaluated. Post-mitigation results show voltage recovery to 0.9312 p.u. and 20.47% loss reduction, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Keywords	Electric Vehicles, EV Charging, IEEE 33-Bus System, Voltage Profile, Power Losses, Newton-Raphson Load Flow, Capacitor Placement, Radial Distribution System.
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 17, Issue 2, April-June 2026
Published On	2026-05-31

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