International Journal on Science and Technology

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Formulation and Evaluation of Capsule for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Author(s) Pathan Samin Pathan R.A, Neha Tongire
Country India
Abstract This study details the formulation and systematic evaluation of an oral hard gelatin capsule containing the hydroalcoholic extract of Gymnema sylvestre (Gudmar), a botanical agent recognized for its potent anti-diabetic properties. The primary active constituents, gymnemic acids, address Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus through multiple mechanisms: inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption, supporting pancreatic beta-cell regeneration, and suppressing sweet taste receptors to reduce sugar cravings. To overcome the extreme bitterness and cohesive nature of the raw herbal extract, a standardized 200 mg powder blend was developed utilizing strategically selected pharmaceutical excipients: lactose (hydrophilic diluent), maize starch (dry binder), calcium carbonate (gas-generating disintegrant), magnesium stearate (boundary lubricant), and purified talc (glidant).
Phytochemical screening of the extract confirmed the abundant presence of therapeutic saponins. Pre-formulation micromeritic evaluations demonstrated optimized flow characteristics (Angle of Repose: 28.90°, Carr's Index: 16.67%), ensuring the blend was highly suitable for uniform mechanical encapsulation without severe weight variation. The final formulation, encapsulated in Size 0 hard gelatin shells, was subjected to standard quality control assessments—including weight variation and disintegration time—in accordance with Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) standards. The results indicate that the developed capsule successfully masks the unpalatable taste of the herb while delivering a stable, uniform, and rapidly disintegrating dosage form for the management of hyperglycemia.
Keywords Gymnema sylvestre; Gudmar; Gymnemic acids; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Hard gelatin capsule; Herbal formulation; Micromeritics; Phytochemical screening; Pharmaceutical excipients; Oral hypoglycemic.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 17, Issue 2, April-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-30
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