International Journal on Science and Technology

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Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Semecarpus Anacardium

Author(s) Yogita Vaishnav, Prof. Umme Roman Shaikh
Country India
Abstract Semecarpus anacardium L.f. is an important medicinal tree belonging to the family Anacardiaceae and is widely distributed throughout the tropical and outer
Himalayan regions of India. The plant has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic, Unani, and folk medicine systems for the management of fever, inflammation, respiratory disorders, liver dysfunction, microbial infections, diabetes, neurological disorders, and wound healing. The therapeutic importance of Semecarpus anacardium is mainly attributed to the presence of diverse bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, terpenoids, biflavonoids, glycosides, sterols, anacardic acids, and phenolic compounds (specifically bhilawanols). Recent advances in computational biology and systems pharmacology have enabled the application of network pharmacology approaches for understanding the multi-component and multi-target mechanisms of medicinal plants. The present review comprehensively summarizes the ethnobotanical significance, phytochemical profile, pharmacological activities, toxicity evaluation, and network pharmacology-based therapeutic potential of Semecarpus anacardium. Data from published scientific literature, phytochemical databases, and computational prediction platforms were critically analyzed to identify major phytoconstituents and their associated biological targets. Network pharmacology studies suggest that the phytochemicals of Semecarpus anacardium interact with multiple proteins and signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, cancer progression, and metabolic regulation. Hub targets including AKT1, TNF, IL6, MAPK1, and NF-κB pathways are strongly associated with the pharmacological effects of the plant. Several identified compounds demonstrated acceptable drug-likeness properties and low predicted toxicity profiles. Toxicity prediction studies indicated relatively low hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and mutagenicity for most phytoconstituents, although some compounds (especially raw urushiol-like phenols) exhibited moderate cardiotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and severe skin irritation concerns requiring further validation and traditional purification (Shodhana). The review highlights the importance of integrating phytochemistry, bioinformatics, systems biology, and pharmacology to scientifically validate traditional medicinal plants. Overall, Semecarpus anacardium emerges as a promising source of multi-target therapeutic agents with potential applications in inflammation-related disorders, cancer, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions
Keywords Semecarpus anacardium, network pharmacology, phytochemicals, medicinal plants, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, toxicity prediction, bioactive compounds.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 17, Issue 2, April-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-30
DOI https://doi.org/10.71097/IJSAT.v17.i2.11205
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