English Medium Instruction in Secondary Education: An Investigation of Teacher-Related Challenges

Padma Raju V; Grace Indira C

English Medium Instruction in Secondary Education: An Investigation of Teacher-Related Challenges

Author(s)	Mr. Padma Raju V, Dr. Grace Indira C
Country	India
Abstract	The implementation of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) has become a significant educational reform in secondary schools, aiming to enhance students' English language proficiency and global competitiveness. However, the successful implementation of EMI largely depends on teachers' ability to overcome various instructional challenges. The present study investigated the teacher-related challenges in the implementation of English Medium Instruction among secondary school teachers. A descriptive survey method was employed, and a sample of 200 secondary school teachers was drawn from 20 secondary schools using the stratified random sampling technique to ensure adequate representation of teachers across different categories using a standardized Teacher-Related Challenges Scale developed by the researcher. The scale comprised 39 items distributed across three dimensions: Classroom Communication Challenges, Psychological and Emotional Challenges, and Resource and Material-Related Challenges. The collected data were analysed using Mean, Standard Deviation, Percentage Analysis, Reliability Analysis, and Exploratory Factor Analysis. The findings revealed that secondary school teachers experienced a high overall level of challenges in implementing EMI (Mean = 149.90; Percentage Mean = 81.02%). Classroom Communication Challenges emerged as the most prominent challenge (81.01%), followed by Psychological and Emotional Challenges (77.50%) and Resource and Material-Related Challenges (75.38%). The majority of teachers reported moderate levels of challenges across all dimensions. Further, the Teacher-Related Challenges Scale demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.932) and satisfactory construct validity. The study highlights the need for continuous professional development, language proficiency enhancement, psychological support, and adequate instructional resources to ensure the effective implementation of EMI in secondary schools.
Keywords	English Medium Instruction (EMI), Secondary School Teachers, Classroom Communication Challenges, Psychological and Emotional Challenges, Resource and Material-Related Challenges.
Field	Sociology > Education
Published In	Volume 17, Issue 2, April-June 2026
Published On	2026-06-07

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English Medium Instruction in Secondary Education: An Investigation of Teacher-Related Challenges

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