International Journal on Science and Technology

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IoT-Based Environmental Monitoring System Using ESP8266 NodeMCU and Multi-Sensor Data Acquisition

Author(s) Mr. Adupa Vaibhav Babu, Shariff Baig,, Kommu Mallesh
Country India
Abstract Environmental monitoring is essential in industrial zones, smart cities, homes, laboratories, and other locations where air quality and ambient conditions require continuous supervision. Conventional monitoring practices depend on manual readings or isolated instruments, which limits remote access, automation, and rapid response. This paper presents a low-cost Internet of Things (IoT)-based environmental monitoring prototype developed around an ESP8266 NodeMCU controller. The system integrates a DHT11 temperature-humidity sensor, an LDR light sensor, an MQ-series gas sensor, a 16 x 2 LCD, a buzzer, and cloud connectivity through Firebase or a similar IoT platform. Sensor readings are acquired by the microcontroller, displayed locally, compared with threshold limits, and transmitted through Wi-Fi for remote monitoring. The prototype also generates warning indications when gas concentration, temperature, or humidity exceeds predefined limits. Functional testing confirms that the system can provide real-time sensing, local alerts, and remote data availability in a compact embedded implementation. The proposed design is suitable as a foundation for smart-city pollution monitoring, indoor safety systems, greenhouse supervision, and educational IoT applications.
Keywords Air quality, DHT11, ESP8266, environmental monitoring, Firebase, Internet of Things, LDR, MQ gas sensor, NodeMCU.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 17, Issue 2, April-June 2026
Published On 2026-06-24
DOI https://doi.org/10.71097/IJSAT.v17.i2.11310
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