International Journal on Science and Technology

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From Anti-Aging Medicine to Precision Healthspan Pharmacology: Evidence Domains, Monitoring Requirements, and Practical Boundaries

Author(s) Dr. Elias Rubenstein
Country United States
Abstract Pharmacological anti-aging is a rapidly expanding and heterogeneous field. It includes approved drugs used beyond their original indications, repurposed medications, metabolic therapies, hormone optimization, neuroactive compounds, psychedelics, peptides, anabolic agents, nutraceuticals with medication-like effects, and selected experimental compounds. These interventions differ substantially in indication, mechanism, evidence strength, regulatory status, monitoring burden, interaction potential, and long-term risk.
This paper presents a conceptual evidence-mapping review that reframes anti-aging medicine as precision healthspan pharmacology. It argues that anti-aging should not be reduced to disease treatment, survival medicine, or passive acceptance of age-related decline. Its central aim is to exceed age-imposed biological constraints by preserving and expanding functional reserve. Pharmacological intervention should therefore be organized into functional domains: metabolic healthspan, nutrient and electrolyte correction, environmental burden, female and male hormone optimization, neuroendocrine and circadian adjuncts, neuroimmune modulation, vascular support, muscle and skeletal preservation, neurofunctional and neuroenergetic activation, psychedelic neuroplasticity, neuropeptide research, experimental longevity peptides, repair peptides, nutraceutical-pharmacological overlap, and mechanistically heterogeneous experimental compounds.
The central criterion is not whether a compound is marketed as anti-aging, but whether it plausibly supports a defined healthspan domain and whether its evidence maturity, monitoring burden, interaction profile, and safety profile justify its classification. The paper also emphasizes that pharmacology cannot replace the foundations of human physiology and psychosocial health: adequate nutrition, sufficient protein and essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, micronutrients, fiber, minerals, sunlight, movement, resistance training, deep sleep, recovery, structured stress reduction, meaningful social contact, personally significant goals, purpose and meaning in life, and the reduction of avoidable metabolic, toxicological, and inflammatory stressors. These foundations are especially important because modern environments differ substantially from earlier human environments: food is quantitatively abundant but not always nutrient-dense, air pollution is widespread, water and air may contain microplastics, and animal-derived foods may carry contaminant burdens such as veterinary drug residues, hormonal growth-promoter residues, or heavy metals in fish. The conclusion is that precision healthspan pharmacology should be organized around functional domains, evidence maturity, sex-specific evaluation, biomarker monitoring, nutrient and electrolyte status, environmental burden, protocol-level risk, psychosocial meaning, and long-term safety.
Keywords precision healthspan pharmacology, anti-aging medicine, healthspan optimization, functional aging, metabolic healthspan, hormone optimization, neurofunctional activation, neuroenergetics, neuroplasticity, peptides, nutraceutical-pharmacological overlap, biomarker monitoring, environmental burden, purpose in life, longevity medicine, off-label pharmacology
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 17, Issue 2, April-June 2026
Published On 2026-06-27
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Crossref DOI prefix of IJSAT is 10.71097/IJSAT

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