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Electoral Reforms in India: An Analysis of Challenges and Opportunities

Author(s) Abhijith Prasobh
Country India
Abstract Electoral reforms are a must for ensuring the integrity, fairness, inclusiveness and legitimacy of democratic governance. India has become the world's largest electoral democracy and has created a sophisticated electoral management system, characterized by universal adult suffrage, an independent Election Commission, electronic voting machines, voter registration drives, rules for candidate disclosures, and judicial oversight of the electoral process. Indian elections, however, still have significant issues including criminalization of the political, opaque political finance, over spending in political campaigns, misuse of state resources, lack of democracy within political parties, misinformation, distrust of technology, underrepresentation of women and marginalised groups, and pressure on institutional independence. This paper reviews the electoral reforms in India till October 2024. It reviews the history of electoral reform, looks at the challenges and assesses new opportunities following the Lok Sabha 2024 elections. The paper is based on the secondary data collected from Election Commission of India, Supreme Court Judgements, PRS Legislative Research, Association for Democratic Reforms, and other reliable sources. It believes that India's electoral systems have a good administrative strength and requires further legal, financial, technological and institutional upgradation. The Supreme Court in 2024 had given a huge opportunity for transparent political finance after dropping the electoral bond scheme. Likewise, discussion about the process of verification of EVM–VVPATs, simultaneous elections, candidate criminalisation and appointments to the Election Commission reveals a need for reforms that bring greater efficiency and public confidence. The paper calls for on-going electoral reform, which should be centered on transparency, accountability, inclusiveness and digital oversight and independence of electoral administration.
Keywords electoral reforms, India, Election Commission, electoral bonds, EVM, VVPAT, criminalisation, political finance, democracy
Field Sociology > Politics
Published In Volume 15, Issue 4, October-December 2024
Published On 2024-10-11
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Crossref DOI prefix of IJSAT is 10.71097/IJSAT

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