International Journal on Science and Technology

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Comparison on the Closed-Loop Control of a DC Motor with Traditional Controller and Digital Controller

Author(s) M. Harsha Vardhan Reddy, G. Kishor
Country India
Abstract This paper presents a comparative study of closed-loop speed control of a DC motor using a traditional analog controller and a digital controller. DC motors remain widely used in industrial automation, robotics, electric drives, and process systems because of their simple speed control and strong torque characteristics. In practical applications, controller selection strongly affects speed regulation, transient response, steady-state error, robustness, and disturbance rejection. The traditional controller considered in this work represents a conventional continuous-time PI/PID control structure, while the digital controller is implemented using discrete-time sampling and pulse-width modulation logic. A mathematical model of the DC motor is developed from electrical and mechanical relations, and both controllers are tested in simulation using MATLAB. The performance metrics analyzed include rise time, settling time, overshoot, steady-state error, armature current, motor speed, torque, and control effort. The results show that the digital controller provides more flexible implementation, easier tuning, and improved adaptability to sampled-data systems, while the traditional controller offers simpler design and smooth continuous action. This work demonstrates that digital closed-loop control is generally more suitable for modern motor-drive applications.
Keywords DC motor, closed-loop control, traditional controller, digital controller, PI controller, PID controller, MATLAB, speed control, sampled-data control.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 16, Issue 2, April-June 2025
Published On 2025-05-22
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Crossref DOI prefix of IJSAT is 10.71097/IJSAT

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