Falling Fertility Rate in India: a Public Health Hazard

Author(s)	Dr. D. Kodandarami Reddy
Country	India
Abstract	India's falling fertility rate, now below the 2.1 replacement level, signals a demographic shift with both successes (family planning) and emerging prime public health concerns, including rising infertility from lifestyle and environmental factors (pollution, stress, obesity etc.), impacting economic growth and aging populations, necessitating a focus on comprehensive reproductive health beyond mere numbers. While indicating improved female education and empowerment, this transition creates new challenges like workforce shrinkage and increased dependency on seniors, alongside unmet reproductive needs, making infertility a significant public health hazard. While family planning is a riproaring success, the rapid dip below replacement, coupled with rising infertility, creates a complex public health challenge that India needs to address proactively to balance demographic shifts and ensure inclusive reproductive well-beingThe present paper elicits Urban and Rural TFR in States & Uts, low fertility and high fertility states in India and reasons for low fertility, high fertilityu and fertility variations in males and females
Keywords	Fertility Rates, Male and Female Fertility Rates, Health Hazards in India
Field	Sociology
Published In	Volume 17, Issue 3, July-September 2026
Published On	2026-08-03

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