International Journal on Science and Technology

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Structural, Morphological and Elemental Characterization of MgO Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Sol–Gel Method

Author(s) Rushikesh Gorakh Bhamare, Janardan Maharu Shewale
Country India
Abstract Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a sol–gel method and systematically investigated to evaluate their structural, morphological and elemental characteristics. The synthesized MgO nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The XRD pattern revealed characteristic diffraction peaks corresponding to the (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222) planes, confirming the formation of a cubic face-centered cubic MgO structure. The observed reflections were in good agreement with the standard JCPDS Card No. 45-0946. The average crystallite size calculated using the Debye–Scherrer equation was found to be 54.36 nm, confirming the nanocrystalline nature of the synthesized material. SEM analysis revealed a fine, irregular and granular morphology with considerable agglomeration of the nanoparticles, which is attributed to the high surface energy of nanosized MgO particles. The EDX spectrum confirmed the presence of Mg and O as the major constituent elements, with no significant impurity elements detected. The elemental mapping further demonstrated the distribution of Mg and O throughout the analyzed region. The combined XRD, SEM and EDX results confirm the successful synthesis of crystalline and predominantly phase-pure MgO nanoparticles by the sol–gel method, indicating their potential suitability for surface-dependent applications such as catalysis, sensing, adsorption and other advanced functional applications.
Keywords Magnesium oxide nanoparticles; MgO; Sol–gel method; X-ray diffraction; SEM; EDX; Crystallite size; Nanomaterials.
Published In Volume 17, Issue 3, July-September 2026
Published On 2026-08-13
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Crossref DOI prefix of IJSAT is 10.71097/IJSAT

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