A Study on Association of Pulmonary Function Test in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Reema Bhardwaj; Brijesh Rathore; Ahmad Raza

A Study on Association of Pulmonary Function Test in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Author(s)	Reema Bhardwaj, Prof. Dr. Brijesh Rathore, Ahmad Raza
Country	India
Abstract	Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by long-term hyperglycaemia and microvascular complications of various organ systems. Pulmonary impairment is not generally recognised as a complication of diabetes, but a growing body of evidence suggests that chronic hyperglycaemia may adversely affect lung structure and function through microangiopathy, non-enzymatic glycation of connective tissue proteins and chronic inflammation. Aim: To measure the Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC ratio in T2DM patients to assess pulmonary function and to find their association with T2DM. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted for a period of six months in the department of biochemistry and respiratory medicine, Era’s Lucknow medical college and hospital, Lucknow. It was a hospital based cross sectional study. A total of 130 participants were recruited, 72 patients with T2DM and 58 healthy controls. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and HbA1c levels were measured by fully automated analyser and pulmonary function was evaluated by spirometry for FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using Student's t-test and correlation analyses were performed between pulmonary parameters and duration of diabetes. Results: The mean fasting blood glucose (198 ± 52.7 mg/dL) and HbA1c (9.7 ± 2.0%) levels in T2DM patients were significantly higher than that of the controls (p < 0.001). Mean pulmonary function parameters were lower in diabetic patients (FEV1: 79 ± 14.99, FVC: 91 ± 15.16, FEV1/FVC: 112 ± 10.98) than in controls (FEV1: 88 ± 5.6, FVC: 98 ± 6.0, FEV1/FVC: 113 ± 9.41). Although the reductions were not statistically significant, negative correlations were found between pulmonary function indices and the duration of diabetes. Restrictive ventilatory defects were more common than obstructive defects in patients with T2DM. Conclusion: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is associated with decline in pulmonary function, and restrictive ventilatory abnormalities are more common than obstructive patterns. Poor lung function is related to high glycaemic indices and long disease duration. These findings support pulmonary function evaluation as part of the routine assessment of patients with T2DM. Further larger prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the extent of pulmonary involvement and its clinical impact.
Keywords	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Pulmonary Function Test, Spirometry, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio, HbA1c, and Lung Function.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 17, Issue 3, July-September 2026
Published On	2026-08-23

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International Journal on Science and Technology

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A Study on Association of Pulmonary Function Test in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

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