Simulation-Based Multi-Objective Co-Optimization of an Improved-Duobinary DWDM Transmitter and a Reduced Third-Order Volterra Receiver

Kuldeep Singh; Meenakshi Devi; Ajay Kumar; Vinod Kumar

Simulation-Based Multi-Objective Co-Optimization of an Improved-Duobinary DWDM Transmitter and a Reduced Third-Order Volterra Receiver

Author(s)	Dr. Kuldeep Singh, Ms. Meenakshi Devi, Dr. Ajay Kumar, Dr. Vinod Kumar
Country	India
Abstract	The Dense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) is an advanced modification of Wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) in form of capacity enhancement. The fiber-optic DWDM technology affected by several issues and impairments synchronously, chromatic dispersion, amplified-spontaneous-emission (ASE) noise, and Kerr-induced nonlinear distortion, making isolated optimization of the transmitter or receiver tends to results in unsatisfactory behavior of the system. The primary aim of the simulated study is to demonstrate the reproducible equivalent-baseband of optimization framework in which the transmitter, optical fiber link, and nonlinear equalizer are optimized together and that jointly considers an improved duobinary modulation (IDBM) transmitter, a dispersion-managed multi-span optical link, and a reduced third-order Volterra nonlinear equalizer (VNLE) receiver block. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) approach is applied to optimize eight physical and implementation parameters simultaneously to complete the experiment for system realization. The optimization objectives comprises minimizing Q-estimated bit-error rate (BER), four-wave-mixing (FWM) power, the necessary optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) penalty, and normalized equalizer complexity. The simulation establishes a range -4 to -2dBm/channel as the minimum-BER operating range, the isolated channel-power sweep, capability 1.92 x 10^-6 at -2 dBm/channel. The adopted Pareto-optimal configuration utilizes -3.45 dBm/channel, 51.06-GHz spacing, a 0.0319 DCF/SMF ratio, 0.725 normalized receiver bandwidth, five-symbol VNLE memory, and lambda = 4.89 x 10^-5. Its Q-factor remains 4.20-4.36 over 80-400 km, and VNLE training MSE decreases by 85.1% in 75 iterations. Ablation yields 7.23 x 10^-6 BER for IDBM-VNLE without DCF versus 0.1646 for disproportionate standard duobinary transmission; enabling DCF raises FWM by 17.22 dB. Across 30 paired waveform seeds, mean log10 (Q-estimated BER) improves from -0.7899 +/- 0.0018 to -12.7886 +/- 0.0336. Nine frozen-design tests show estimated BER below 4.64 x 10^-11 at -3 dBm through 340 km, but provides a substantially reduced improvement at +7 dBm.
Keywords	Dense wavelength-division multiplexing, duobinary modulation, four-wave mixing, Kerr nonlinearity, multi-objective particle swarm optimization, optical signal-to-noise ratio, Volterra nonlinear equalizer.
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 17, Issue 4, October-December 2026
Published On	2026-10-06

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Simulation-Based Multi-Objective Co-Optimization of an Improved-Duobinary DWDM Transmitter and a Reduced Third-Order Volterra Receiver

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