International Journal on Science and Technology

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Volume 17 Issue 4
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Safety-Critical Indian Sign Language Translation for Public Transportation: A Critical Review of Methods, Limitations, and Future Directions

Author(s) Mr. Shravan Vijay Sapate, Mr. Sumit Devendra Helonde, Ms. Hrutuja Raju Wankhede, Ms. Palak Rajesh Batra, Prof. Pradnya Sumit Moon
Country India
Abstract Railway and metro announcements are time-sensitive information, but spoken announcements alone may not provide an accessible route to the information for Deaf passengers who use Indian Sign Language (ISL). This narrative review examines the research most relevant to a proposed speech/text-to-ISL system for public transport, organised around the translation and rendering pipeline: announcement understanding, ISL linguistic representation, motion resources and animation, and safety evaluation. The literature includes early Indian rule-based translation and synthetic- avatar dictionaries, prototypes explicitly targeting railway announcements, later ISL corpora and neural sign-production methods, and recent retrieval-assisted and co-articulated motion approaches. Together, these strands support a modular architecture in which an authoritative announcement feed is transcribed or ingested as text, parsed into event and slot values, translated into ISL-compatible structure, and rendered from verified sign resources. They do not establish that a deployed ISL system can safely convey live train numbers, platforms, destinations, or times. Motion retrieval is therefore a plausible engineering choice rather than a proven superior method; it may ease controlled updates, but requires verified clip coverage and transition handling. The principal research contribution should be a Deaf-community-validated evaluation of end-to-end comprehension and critical-field integrity, not another unvalidated demonstration of avatar output
Keywords Indian Sign Language (ISL), Public Transportation Accessibility, Sign Language Translation, Hierarchical Motion Retrieval, Safety Validation, Sign Language Avatars, Railway Announcements, Deaf Accessibility, Motion Co-articulation, Literature Review.
Field Computer Applications
Published In Volume 17, Issue 4, October-December 2026
Published On 2026-10-18
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Crossref DOI prefix of IJSAT is 10.71097/IJSAT

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