Forensic Identification of Seminal Stains as Evidence in  Sexual Assault Investigations

Manish Kumar; Rohit Singh; Azra Kamal

doi:10.71097/IJSAT.v16.i2.4118

Forensic Identification of Seminal Stains as Evidence in Sexual Assault Investigations

Author(s)	Manish Kumar, Rohit Singh, Azra Kamal
Country	India
Abstract	The detection of human seminal stains is a critical aspect of forensic investigations, especially in sexual assault cases. Various methods are utilized to identify and confirm the presence of semen, ranging from visual inspection to biochemical and molecular techniques. Presumptive tests, such as the Acid Phosphatase (AP) test, help in locating potential stains but require further verification. Other methods, including microscopic examination for sperm cells and the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), provide more definitive results. Advanced DNA profiling techniques, such as Short Tandem Repeat (STR) and Y-STR analysis, enable individual identification, strengthening forensic evidence. Some more advanced techniques such as CASA (Computer Assisted Sperm Analyser), Flow cytometry, etc., now being more commonly utilized for the identification of semen in forensic science laboratories mostly in cases of sexual assault. The analysis of seminal fluid provides crucial information about personal identification related to crime scene investigation. Fructose is also a significant biochemical indicator used in this process. It is a type of sugar found naturally in seminal fluid, which is secreted mainly by the seminal vesicles. Notably, vaginal secretions do not contain fructose, making this difference vital in forensic analysis, it provides strong evidence of seminal fluid deposition, suggesting recent ejaculation and supporting allegations of sexual contact or assault. Thus, the detection and analysis of human seminal stains play a vital role in forensic investigations of sexual assault cases. By employing a combination of presumptive, confirmatory, and advanced molecular techniques, presence of semen can be identified and link to the potential suspects. These methods not only aid in uncovering the truth but also support the pursuit of justice in sensitive criminal cases.
Keywords	CASA, Acid Phosphate test, DNA profiling, STR analysis
Field	Biology > Genetics / Molecular
Published In	Volume 16, Issue 2, April-June 2025
Published On	2025-04-24
Cite This	Forensic Identification of Seminal Stains as Evidence in Sexual Assault Investigations - Manish Kumar, Rohit Singh, Azra Kamal - IJSAT Volume 16, Issue 2, April-June 2025. DOI 10.71097/IJSAT.v16.i2.4118
DOI	https://doi.org/10.71097/IJSAT.v16.i2.4118
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9gp3z

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Forensic Identification of Seminal Stains as Evidence in Sexual Assault Investigations

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