International Journal on Science and Technology

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SnO₂ Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: Advancing Nanotechnology at the Interface of Innovation and Application

Author(s) Abishek Kumar A. Patil, V.S. Mannur
Country India
Abstract Tin oxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising class of metal oxide nanomaterials with significant potential in cancer therapy, especially for skin cancer. Their unique physicochemical properties—such as high surface area, tunable morphology, redox activity, and biocompatibility—enable targeted drug delivery and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cytotoxicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SnO₂ nanoparticle synthesis methods, including chemical and green approaches, and how synthesis affects their biological behavior. We discuss their mechanisms of anticancer activity, including oxidative stress induction, mitochondrial disruption, and enhanced drug delivery. Formulation strategies such as surface functionalization and incorporation into gels or nanocarriers are also examined for improving therapeutic efficacy and selectivity. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating their potential in tumor targeting and minimal toxicity to normal tissues are highlighted. Finally, we address the current limitations, regulatory challenges, and future directions for the clinical translation of SnO₂-based cancer nanotherapeutics.
Keywords Tin oxide nanoparticles, Cancer nanotherapy, Targeted drug delivery, Skin cancer treatment
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 16, Issue 2, April-June 2025
Published On 2025-06-05
DOI https://doi.org/10.71097/IJSAT.v16.i2.4941
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9pz75
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