International Journal on Science and Technology

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The Evolution of Agentic AI: From Rule-Based Systems to Autonomous Agents

Author(s) JATIN JOSHI
Country India
Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved dramatically, from early rule-based systems aiming to emulate human reasoning to today's autonomous agents capable of making self-directed decisions. This study examines the historical evolution of agentic AI, focusing on key technological milestones such as expert systems, machine learning, reinforcement learning, and the growth of large-scale deep learning architectures. These improvements have given AI systems greater autonomy, allowing for applications in a variety of industries like as banking, robotics, self-driving cars, and healthcare.

While AI systems' rising autonomy is encouraging, it also raises complicated ethical and safety problems. Issues like as algorithmic bias, accountability, and the maintenance of human supervision are becoming increasingly important in AI discussions. Reinforcement learning and neural networks have substantially improved AI's capacity to perceive environments and optimize behaviors, but they also raise worries about unintended effects and value misalignment.

This research provides a thorough review of the history of agentic AI, its existing capabilities, and the societal ramifications of its increasing autonomy. Regulatory frameworks, transparent design principles, and human-centered alignment methodologies are all emphasized. The future of agentic AI is dependent not just on technological advancements, but also on our collective ability to guarantee that these systems behave ethically and stay consistent with human ideals.
Keywords Agentic AI, Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Agents, Rule-Based Systems, Machine Learning, Reinforcement Learning, Deep Learning, AI Ethics, Human-AI Alignment, AI Safety, Multi-Agent Systems, AI Decision-Making, Cognitive Architecture, Symbolic AI, AI Governance
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Published In Volume 16, Issue 4, October-December 2025
Published On 2025-10-03
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