A detailed review of recent developments in the synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives and their anticancer potential.

Author(s)	Niteen R. Sutar, Shankar G. Alegaon, Gaitonde Apeksha Govind
Country	India
Abstract	Pyrimidine derivatives are important in anticancer drug discovery because they mimic nucleic acids and can create hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. This review explores various synthetic approaches, including traditional Biginelli and β-dicarbonyl condensations, as well as multicomponent, green, microwave-assisted, and catalyst-driven methods that improve efficiency and sustainability. We examine the structure-activity connections behind antimetabolite, kinase inhibitor, and DNA intercalator actions, including clinically authorized medicines such as 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, gemcitabine, and pemetrexed. Recent breakthroughs in hybrid scaffolds, epigenetic modulators, and AI-driven design are reviewed, as well as the difficulties of resistance, toxicity, and scalability. Future directions include sustainable synthesis, machine learning optimization, and targeted degradation techniques.
Keywords	Pyrimidine, Cancer, FDA, Synthesis, SAR.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 16, Issue 2, April-June 2025
Published On	2025-05-21
DOI	https://doi.org/10.71097/IJSAT.v16.i2.5382
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9mq8j

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