International Journal on Science and Technology

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Bilosomes: An Emerging Vesicular Carrier for Enhanced Drug Delivery

Author(s) Prashant Halagali, Bhuvaneshwari R. Sharannavar
Country India
Abstract Bilosomes have emerged as an innovative vesicular drug delivery system that leverages the unique properties of bile salts integrated into lipid bilayers. This incorporation imparts increased structural integrity, improved stability in the gastrointestinal environment, and enhanced permeability across biological membranes. Unlike traditional vesicular systems such as liposomes and niosomes, bilosomes exhibit exceptional resilience against enzymatic and bile salt degradation, making them especially suitable for oral and transdermal administration.
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of bilosomes, detailing their structural composition, preparation methods, and underlying mechanisms that contribute to their superior drug delivery capabilities. The presence of bile salts not only enhances vesicle deformability and mucosal adhesion but also facilitates paracellular transport by modulating tight junctions. These characteristics significantly improve the bioavailability of encapsulated drugs, particularly macromolecules like peptides, proteins, and vaccines that are typically vulnerable to degradation in conventional delivery systems.
Moreover, bilosomes have demonstrated versatility in delivering a wide range of therapeutic agents, including anticancer drugs, anti-inflammatory compounds, and immunomodulators. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have further refined bilosome formulations through surface modifications, polymeric coatings, and targeted ligand attachment, opening avenues for site-specific and combination therapies.
Despite their promise, challenges such as large-scale production, long-term stability, and regulatory hurdles remain. This review also discusses these limitations and outlines future directions for overcoming them. With continued research and development, bilosomes hold significant potential for transforming modern drug delivery strategies and enhancing therapeutic outcomes across various clinical applications.
Keywords Bilosomes, Vesicular Drug Delivery, Bile Salts, Oral Delivery, Transdermal Delivery, Nanocarriers, Bioavailability, Controlled Release.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 16, Issue 2, April-June 2025
Published On 2025-06-05
DOI https://doi.org/10.71097/IJSAT.v16.i2.5688
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9pz7z
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