International Journal on Science and Technology

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Nature, Humans & Animals: Western vs. Oriental – A Comparative Study of Lord of the Flies & Abhijñānaśākuntalam

Author(s) Dr. Sashikanta Barik
Country India
Abstract Since the dawn of human history, Nature and human beings are organically embedded. This is an ontological essence. The green nature with its important organism – Animals, anthropologically supports to human evolution. Nature is what the earth is and can sustain without human intervention. The early Christian mythology and the later western humanism rather emphasize anthropocentric religion as reflected in Genesis that man should have dominion over the other creatures of the Earth. This has upset the holistic triangular ethics among man, nature, and animal and thus resulted Nature’s paradise lost. The earth is a fallen world. As a result, paradise of nature is repeatedly exploited and lost, whose regaining has become a nostalgic. Moreover, the post-Darwinian world with the scientific domain of Western intellectual tradition has posed a threat to this dogmatic belief of God as centre, causing a great crevice between God and man, and biologically relegated man descending from monkey. The gradual human evolution from rhesus monkey to homo sapiens is a scientific reduction of latent repression of animalism or primitivism in man, which can release or liberate at any time in a lawless beastly environment.
Golding’s Lord of the Flies is an allegory of human evil and bestiality latent in man. A beautiful green island has been awfully damaged by a group of children away from human society because they are marooned to that island after the plane crash. The gory of fire in the island is ignited not only to burn the green trees to keep the beasts at a bay, but a signal for rescue. However, the beast within their mind haunts in the dream and gratifies their senses with the diabolic chant ‘kill the pig, cut her throat, spill her blood’. It thus proofs when the constraints of civilisation are removed, the essential nature and original sin of man is revealed.
However, in the domain of oriental philosophy, the other side of Nature, human beings and the animals – the trio reflects the organic interdependence with a filial bonding in man, animal and Nature in Kālidāsa’s Abhijñānaśākuntalam. Here, each of them as a living entity supports their network of existence for the liberation of highest human values – love and sacrifice. The love episode of Duṣyanta and Śakuntalā borrowed from the Ādiparva of Mahābhārata superbly dramatized by Kālidāsa is a classic of world literature. A symbiosis of caring, interdependence among Nature-animals-men in the tie of love, not in the exploitation, weaves an eccentric sphere of existence, amidst the noble consciousness of hermitage.
Keywords Ontological essence, anthropocentric, ecocentrism, post-Darwinians, oriental philosophy.
Field Arts
Published In Volume 16, Issue 3, July-September 2025
Published On 2025-07-08
DOI https://doi.org/10.71097/IJSAT.v16.i3.6840
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9sx6h
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