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Genetic Predictors of Response to Medical Nutrition Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Focus on TCF7L2 and Nutrigenetic Interactions

Author(s) Sara F. Alrashed, Rana S. Alzahrani, Sara H. Alamri, Ayidh M. Alqarni, Mohammed A. Alyahya
Country Saudi Arabia
Abstract Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TCF7L2 gene have been linked to variations in β-cell function and peripheral insulin sensitivity, raising the possibility that such genetic variability may moderate the effect of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between TCF7L2 genetic polymorphisms and the glycemic response to a standardized MNT regimen in adults with T2DM within a tertiary-care context in Riyadh.
Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study enrolling 112 adults with T2DM. Participants were genotyped for the TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism and classified into wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous at-risk genotypic categories. All patients received a custom, carbohydrate-moderate MNT intervention for 6 months. Changes in glycemic and metabolic endpoints were analyzed across genotype strata.
Results: All genotype groups experienced significant reductions in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose; however, the magnitude of decline was significantly larger in the wild-type group compared to at-risk carriers (p < 0.001 for both endpoints). Multivariable regression confirmed genotype as an independent predictor of the magnitude of glycemic change after adjusting for baseline values and relevant covariates.
Conclusion: The presence of the TCF7L2 risk allele modulates glycemic improvement following MNT in T2DM, suggesting that nutrigenetic assessment could be a valuable component of personalized dietary strategies in clinical diabetes management.
Keywords Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, TCF7L2, Nutrigenetics, Medical Nutrition Therapy, Personalized Nutrition, Gene–Diet Interaction.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 14, Issue 3, July-September 2023
Published On 2023-08-10
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16319036
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9twj4
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