Antimicrobial Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Comparative Analysis of Resistance Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes

Author(s)	Mr. Gadipally Anudeep Shankar, Dr. Konjeti Hampi
Country	India
Abstract	Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as a critical nosocomial pathogen due to its remarkable ability to acquire and disseminate antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase-producing strains has significantly limited treatment options, resulting in higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This review explores the underlying resistance mechanisms, including beta-lactamase production, efflux pump activity, and porin loss, while examining the associated clinical outcomes and emerging therapeutic approaches to address this global health threat.
Keywords	Klebsiella pneumoniae, Antimicrobial resistance, ESBL (Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase), Carbapenemase, Multidrug resistance, Efflux pump, Clinical management.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 16, Issue 3, July-September 2025
Published On	2025-07-25
DOI	https://doi.org/10.71097/IJSAT.v16.i3.7263
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9vdcw

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