International Journal on Science and Technology

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Methanol induced oxidative stress: modulation of Glutathione Peroxidase in Cirrhinus mrigala

Author(s) Prof. Madhav Pralhad Bhilave
Country India
Abstract Aquatic toxicology is a specialized discipline that investigates the effects of anthropogenic chemicals, natural substances, and associated human activities on aquatic organisms. Its scope spans multiple levels of biological organization, ranging from subcellular components to individual organisms, populations, communities, and entire ecosystems. Being inherently multidisciplinary, aquatic toxicology integrates principles of toxicology, aquatic ecology, and aquatic chemistry, and encompasses freshwater, marine, and sedimentary environments. Standard bioassays in this field typically assess endpoints such as survival, growth, and reproduction across a concentration gradient, alongside appropriate controls. These experiments generally employ test organisms with ecologically relevant sensitivity to toxicants, which can be conveniently cultured under laboratory conditions and are relatively easy to handle. Methanol, an industrial chemical in use since the early 19th century, is widely utilized in the production of biodiesel and as a denaturant in ethanol manufacturing industries. According to the American Methanol Institute, global methanol demand was projected to reach approximately 882 million gallons per year, necessitating expansion in its production, transportation, storage, and distribution facilities. Such large-scale handling inevitably increases the risk of accidental environmental release, raising concerns about its fate and potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Despite its industrial importance, limited information exists regarding the toxicological implications of methanol exposure on aquatic biota. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to evaluate the toxicological effects of acute methanol exposure in the freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala, with particular emphasis on alterations in the antioxidant defense enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as a biomarker of oxidative stress.
Keywords Methanol toxicity, Cirrhinus mrigala, Glutathione peroxidase, oxidative stress, aquatic toxicology, biomarker
Field Biology > Zoology
Published In Volume 16, Issue 3, July-September 2025
Published On 2025-09-30
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