Correlation of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

KISHAN SURESHBHAI ADROJA; VAISHVI CHANDRESHBHAI PATEL

Correlation of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Author(s)	Dr. KISHAN SURESHBHAI ADROJA, Dr. VAISHVI CHANDRESHBHAI PATEL
Country	India
Abstract	Abstract Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), especially pre-eclampsia (PE), are major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence suggests maternal vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may be associated with increased risk of HDP. Objective: To review and synthesize current evidence on the correlation between maternal vitamin D deficiency and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods: Narrative systematic-review style synthesis of observational studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and meta-analyses published through 2025 using PubMed/PMC and major journal databases. Key outcomes: incidence of gestational hypertension (GH) and pre-eclampsia (PE) in relation to maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and effects of vitamin D supplementation. Results: Multiple observational studies and meta-analyses report an inverse association between maternal 25(OH)D and risk of pre-eclampsia; several RCTs and pooled analyses indicate that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy may reduce PE risk, though heterogeneity exists regarding dose, timing, and study quality. Mechanistic studies propose immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and placental angiogenesis pathways whereby vitamin D could influence HDP pathogenesis. Not all studies agree: some recent pooled analyses and cohort studies report non-significant associations or effect modification by baseline vitamin D status and geographic/seasonal factors. Conclusions: The preponderance of evidence supports a correlation between low maternal vitamin D status and increased risk of pre-eclampsia, and some trials/meta-analyses indicate potential benefit from supplementation. However, heterogeneity in study design, supplementation regimens, and confounding limits definitive causal claims. Larger, well-powered randomized trials with standardized dosing and timing, and mechanistic work, are needed to guide specific clinical recommendations.
Keywords	Vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, pregnancy, supplementation.
Field	Biology > Medical / Physiology
Published In	Volume 16, Issue 3, July-September 2025
Published On	2025-09-29

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Correlation of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

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