International Journal on Science and Technology

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A Review on Quantum Dot–Plasmonic Biosensors for Biomedical Diagnostics and Environmental Monitoring

Author(s) Dr. SUNITHA MEDIDI, Ms. Sundari bala tripura Vankayala, Ms. Swathi Netti, Ms. Prasanna N.L Pampana, Ms. Sravani SV Nakkana
Country India
Abstract Quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as revolutionary nanomaterials due to their unique photophysical properties such as size-tunable emission, high quantum yield, and resistance to photobleaching. Meanwhile, plasmonic nanostructures—typically noble metal nanoparticles—exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), enabling extreme light confinement and enhancement of optical signals. The integration of QDs with plasmonic nanostructures has opened new avenues for developing highly sensitive biosensors, significantly advancing biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This review provides a comprehensive account of recent progress in QD–plasmon hybrid biosensors, with emphasis on coupling mechanisms, fabrication strategies, diagnostic applications (cancer biomarkers, infectious diseases, point-of-care testing), and environmental sensing (heavy metal ions, pesticides, volatile organic compounds). We also highlight challenges including toxicity, reproducibility, and stability, while discussing emerging strategies such as wearable devices, microfluidics, and AI-assisted biosensing. Finally, future perspectives are outlined to optimize their translational potential in clinical and environmental domains
Keywords Quantum dots, Plasmonics, Biosensors, Biomedical diagnostics, Environmental monitoring, Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), Hybrid nanostructures
Field Chemistry
Published In Volume 16, Issue 4, October-December 2025
Published On 2025-10-08
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