International Journal on Science and Technology

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Journey of Computer Graphics Display

Author(s) Mr. Akash Kuamr Ranjan, Rashmi Khandelwal
Country India
Abstract Computer graphics is the field that deals with Computer graphics is a discipline focused on generating, modifying, and presenting visual content through computational means. It transforms data and mathematical
representations into images using specialized hardware and software, requiring a foundation in both mathematics and programming.
This field has broad applications across numerous sectors. In education and training, it facilitates learning through simulated models. Engineering and design rely on it for technical illustrations and computer-aided design (CAD). The entertainment industry uses it for animation, films, and video games. Within science and medicine, it enables the visualization of intricate information, such as meteorological maps and medical imagery from MRI or CT scans. For business and communication, it enhances presentations, marketing materials, and user interfaces with compelling visuals.
The primary output device is the video display, which converts electrical signals into visible imagery. Initially, the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) was the standard technology. CRTs functioned by directing a stream of electrons onto a phosphor coated screen, causing it to illuminate. Key components included an electron gun, systems for focusing, accelerating, and deflecting the beam, and the phosphor screen. Two primary methods were used: raster scan and random scan. Raster scan illuminates the screen line by line, storing image data as pixels in a frame buffer, making it ideal for detailed scenes. Random scan directly draws specific lines and shapes, excelling at producing precise line drawings, such as those in
early computer-aided design. Color CRTs employed three electron guns for red, green, and blue, utilizing a shadow mask to ensure color purity. Contemporary displays utilize flat-panel technologies like LCD, LED, and OLED. LCDs are non-emissive; they do not generate light but use a backlight modulated by liquid crystal cells that block or transmit light. LED displays are an advanced variant of LCDs, offering superior color and energy efficiency. OLEDs are emissive, with each pixel producing its own light, resulting in exceptional contrast, true black levels, and rapid response times.
The evolution from CRT to modern raster-based digital displays represents a significant transition in how images are stored and rendered. Displays are categorized as either emissive (e.g., CRT, OLED), which generate their own light, or non-emissive (e.g., LCD), which control light from an external source.
Regarding image quality, random scan produces very sharp line drawings but is less suited for realistic imagery. In contrast, raster scan supports more complex and realistic images, though its detail is constrained by screen resolution. Modern systems predominantly use raster technology. The RGB (Red, Green, Blue) color model serves as the foundation for all color displays, where combinations of these three primary colors create the full spectrum of hues seen on screen.
Keywords Computer Graphics, Display Technologies, Video Display Devices, CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), Raster Scan, Random Scan
Field Computer > Electronics
Published In Volume 16, Issue 4, October-December 2025
Published On 2025-11-09
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