Age and Employment Status as Determinants of Openness in Women of Himachal Pradesh

Author(s)	Dr. Meera Singh, Dr. Jeewan Jyoti
Country	India
Abstract	The present study aimed to examine the influence of age and employment status on openness among women using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The sample was categorized based on two factors: Status (working and non-working women) and Age (<35 years and ≥35 years). The results revealed that the main effects of both Status and Age were statistically insignificant, with F-ratios of 0.30 and 0.008 respectively, indicating that neither employment status nor age alone had a meaningful effect on openness. However, the interaction effect between Status and Age was found to be significant (F = 6.34, p < 0.05), suggesting that the impact of employment status on openness varies across age groups. The findings imply that while individual factors such as age and employment do not independently influence openness, their combined effect plays an important role in shaping this personality trait. The study highlights the dynamic nature of openness, which may be influenced by the interaction of social and developmental factors across different life stages.
Keywords	Age, working status, Openness to Experience, Employment Status (working and non-working), Education Level, and District Shimla.
Field	Sociology > Education
Published In	Volume 16, Issue 4, October-December 2025
Published On	2025-11-09

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