International Journal on Science and Technology

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Rapid DNA Technology: Advantages and Limitations in Criminal Investigations

Author(s) Ms. Botcha VARA Nounisree, Mr. GOGULAMUDI SUNIL KUMAR
Country India
Abstract The integration of Rapid DNA technology into forensic science has marked a revolutionary step toward faster and more efficient criminal investigations. Unlike conventional DNA profiling methods that may take days or weeks, Rapid DNA enables the fully automated generation of genetic profiles from biological samplesoften within 90 to 120 minuteswithout the need for skilled personnel or a laboratory setting. This paper explores the key applications of Rapid DNA in the criminal justice system, including suspect identification, disaster victim recovery, and prevention of wrongful arrests. It outlines the major advantages such as speed, automation, portability, and its potential to reduce case backlogs. However, the paper also addresses critical limitations, including restricted sample compatibility, database compliance issues, legal admissibility concerns, and ethical implications related to privacy and consent. While Rapid DNA has shown significant promise in jurisdictions like the United States, its implementation in India remains limited due to the absence of regulatory frameworks and infrastructure. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of balancing innovation with legal and ethical oversight to ensure the responsible use of Rapid DNA technology in law enforcement and judicial processes.
Keywords Rapid DNA technology, forensic science, criminal investigations, DNA profiling, automation, portability, suspect identification, disaster victim identification, wrongful arrests, case backlog reduction, database compliance, legal admissibility, ethical issues, privacy, consent, regulatory framework, India, law enforcement, judicial system.
Field Biology
Published In Volume 16, Issue 4, October-December 2025
Published On 2025-11-10
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