International Journal on Science and Technology

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Compositional Analysis and Hydrothermal Pretreatment Optimization of Garri Processing Waste for Enhanced Sugar Recovery

Author(s) Mr. Kpoje Chukwudi, Prof. Ipeghan Otaraku, Dr. Peter Muwarure
Country Nigeria
Abstract Garri processing, a dominant agro-industry in Nigeria, generates substantial waste streams whose valorisation is critical for environmental and economic sustainability. This study characterized the key waste components—cassava peels, starch, and effluent—and evaluated the efficacy of hydrothermal pretreatment in enhancing fermentable sugar recovery for bioethanol production. Compositional analysis revealed cassava peels as a promising dual-substrate feedstock, rich in starch (62.7% w/w) and lignocellulosic content (cellulose 18.4%, hemicellulose 8.9%), while the effluent presented a high-strength organic stream (BOD₅ 8,750 mg/L). Particle size analysis post-pulverization showed that only 41% of the biomass met the target size of ≤150 µm, indicating a need for optimized comminution to maximize enzymatic accessibility. Hydrothermal treatment at 140°C for 30 minutes significantly altered the biomass composition, driving the solubilization of hemicellulose (-1.16% absolute change) and starch (-9.17%), which resulted in a substantial 11-fold increase in reducing sugar concentration from 3.2 g/L to 38.7 g/L. The process also induced a notable pH drop from 5.10 to 3.80, indicative of organic acid generation. The findings demonstrate that hydrothermal pretreatment is highly effective in disrupting the recalcitrant structure of garri waste, liberating fermentable sugars and transforming it into a suitable substrate for subsequent bioethanol production, thereby supporting a circular bioeconomy model for the cassava processing industry
Keywords Hydrothermal Pretreatment, Garri Waste, Optimization, Valorisation, Bioeconomy.
Field Chemistry > Petroleum
Published In Volume 16, Issue 4, October-December 2025
Published On 2025-11-21
DOI https://doi.org/10.71097/IJSAT.v16.i4.9429
Short DOI https://doi.org/hbb8g8
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