The Paradigm Shift in Indian Corporate Legislature: A Comparative Analysis of Governance, Control, and Economic Impact across the Companies Acts (1850–2013)

Author(s)	Dr. ILYAS P C
Country	India
Abstract	This paper provides a comparative historical and statutory analysis of the evolution of India's corporate legal framework, focusing on the four landmark legislations: the Companies Acts of 1850, 1913, 1956, and 2013. The analysis charts the progressive transformation across 50 key features, encompassing fundamental principles like Limited Liability, capital structure, regulatory oversight, and governance norms. The study identifies three major philosophical shifts: from establishing the company as a Separate Legal Entity (1850-1913); to implementing State Control and Protectionism (1956); and finally, transitioning to Modern Governance, Digitalization, and Economic Efficiency (2013). The economic impact comparison highlights the move from a bureaucracy-heavy regime that hindered capital formation (1956) to a liberalized framework promoting Ease of Doing Business and Accountability (2013). This research underscores the legislative journey toward aligning Indian corporate law with global best practices.
Keywords	Companies Act 2013, Corporate Governance, Limited Liability, Companies Act 1956, NCLT (National Company Law Tribunal), Economic Impact, Ease of Doing Business, CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility), Legislative Evolution
Field	Mathematics > Economy / Commerce
Published In	Volume 16, Issue 4, October-December 2025
Published On	2025-11-30

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