International Journal on Science and Technology

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IoT-Based Real-Time Fault Detection and GPS Localization in Transmission Lines Using NodeMCU and Telegram Alerts

Author(s) Dr. Laxman Bhukya, Mr. Mohammed Mahir, Mr. Joginapelli Ajay, Ms. Siliveri Soumya
Country India
Abstract Abstract—Faults in electrical transmission lines including short circuits, broken conductors, and fire hazards can cause severe disruptions to power supply, infrastructure damage, and public safety risks. Conventional fault detection methods, ranging from manual inspections to expensive SCADA systems, often fail to deliver the real-time responsiveness required for modern power grids. This paper presents an IoT-based transmission line fault detection system that integrates a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller with multiple sensors and a NEO-M8M GPS module to provide not only instantaneous fault detection but also precise geographical localization of the fault site. Upon detecting a fault whether a short circuit, broken line, or fire incident the system immediately fetches GPS coordinates via UART and transmits a structured alert message containing a clickable Google Maps link to a designated Telegram channel. The complete system is prototyped and validated on a physical residential house model that simulates a real-world low-voltage distribution network. Experimental results demonstrate high detection accuracy, average alert delivery within 3–5 seconds, and successful GPS localization with coordinate precision suitable for field deployment. The proposed system is low-cost, scalable, and offers a practical pathway toward smarter, IoT-augmented grid monitoring infrastructure.
Keywords Fault Detection; Transmission Line; NodeMCU; Smart Grid; Real-Time Monitoring; Residential House Model.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 17, Issue 2, April-June 2026
Published On 2026-04-10
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