Comparative Structural Audit of Low-Rise and Mid-Rise RCC Buildings Using Non-Destructive Testing Techniques

Malhari Atul Londhe; Prital Sandip Patil; Amol Prashant Patil; Rohan Chandrakant Pol; Harshad Anandrao Patil; Shivam Vikas Patil; Vikrant Mukund Pharne

Comparative Structural Audit of Low-Rise and Mid-Rise RCC Buildings Using Non-Destructive Testing Techniques

Author(s)	Mr. Malhari Atul Londhe, Prof. Prital Sandip Patil, Prof. Amol Prashant Patil, Mr. Rohan Chandrakant Pol, Mr. Harshad Anandrao Patil, Mr. Shivam Vikas Patil, Mr. Vikrant Mukund Pharne
Country	India
Abstract	The long-term safety and serviceability of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) buildings depend on periodic structural health assessment, particularly as structures age and are exposed to progressively adverse environmental and loading conditions. Destructive testing methods, while accurate, damage structural members and are impractical for routine assessment of occupied buildings. This study presents a comparative structural audit of a low-rise (G+1) and a mid-rise (G+4) RCC residential building using Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), namely the Rebound Hammer Test, the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) Test, and a Rebar Locator survey, supported by systematic visual inspection. Field investigations were carried out on columns and beams at each floor level of both structures. Results show that the mid-rise building consistently exhibited higher rebound numbers, higher estimated compressive strength and higher UPV values than the low-rise building. The average estimated compressive strength of the mid-rise building ranged from 28.65 MPa to 32.78 MPa against 25.50 MPa to 28.77 MPa for the low-rise building, while UPV values ranged from 3515-4036 m/s (good quality) for the mid-rise building and 3294-3682 m/s (medium-to-good quality) for the low-rise building. A strong positive correlation was observed between rebound number and pulse velocity in both structures. The study demonstrates that combined use of Rebound Hammer and UPV testing provides a reliable, rapid and economical basis for structural audit, condition assessment and rehabilitation planning of existing RCC buildings, and that building height, age and exposure conditions measurably influence in-situ concrete quality.
Keywords	Non-Destructive Testing (NDT); Rebound Hammer Test; Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV); Rebar Locator; Structural Audit; RCC Buildings; Compressive Strength; Low-rise and Mid-rise Structures
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 17, Issue 3, July-September 2026
Published On	2026-08-04

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Comparative Structural Audit of Low-Rise and Mid-Rise RCC Buildings Using Non-Destructive Testing Techniques

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